Loudspeakers: Central Cluster Systems

As you visit other facilities such as churches, auditoriums, theaters, etc., you probably have noticed that no two facilities seem to have the same loudspeaker system. Some buildings have column loudspeakers and some have many loudspeakers on the side walls. There are some places that have loudspeakers in the hanging light fixtures. It is apparent that there are many different approaches to providing a sound system. This article will explore the basic concepts of another approach called the central cluster.

First, what is a central cluster loudspeaker system? It is usually applied to a system where the loudspeaker(s) are placed close together. Then, the loudspeaker(s) cluster is most often positioned above the platform in a central location. Hence, the name is a central cluster loudspeaker system. There are often slight changes in design and position, but the basic principles are the same.

Figure 1

Why would a sound system designer want to use a cluster loudspeaker system? One reason is that a properly designed system can provide a room with very even coverage. What this means is that the sound level (volume) will be very even from the first row to the back row and from side to side. In other words, no dead spots! Because the loudspeaker(s) are mounted high overhead, the difference in distance the sound travels to get to the back row or the front row is diminished (Figure 1). Even the minimal differences in distance can be compensated for with the proper loudspeaker selection and positioning. However, remember that the key to success is proper design.

Figure 2

Another benefit of the central cluster is that it provides good localization (Figure 2). That means that the amplified sound will appear to come from the talker. It is generally accepted that our ear/brains can locate positions side to side better than vertically. Therefore, when the amplified sound comes from overhead, we can more easily accept that the sound is coming from the talker. This provides a more natural listening environment.

The other major benefit of a well designed central cluster is its ability to provide sound with the least amount of interference. What this means is that a listener in the audience should only hear sound from one loudspeaker. If he hears sound from two loudspeakers and the loudspeakers are at different distances from the listener, the combined sound may be difficult to understand (Figure 3). In fact, if the two loudspeakers are far enough apart, the listener may even hear two distinct sounds.

You may be asking why every sound system is not a central cluster. It would appear that it is the best way to go. However, you should also have noticed the repeated phrase about a properly designed system. That is a most crucial point. A sound system must be designed for every different room. What works in one facility could sound terrible in another. For instance, a central cluster will probably not work well in a room with a very low ceiling and is very long.

We have all been in a facility where the sound was great. And unfortunately, the opposite situation occurs all too often. What's the difference? Acoustics naturally play an important role. Even a room with the best acoustics can have a terrible sounding sound system. The sound system must be designed to fit that particular and unique room and the uses it will see.

If you are unsatisfied with your present system, please give us a call. We have the experience and understanding to provide you with a sound system that will provide you with clear, natural sound.

by Ron Huisinga © 1996 Internet Sound Institute (www.soundinstitute.com). This articles is for personal use only. Any commercial reproduction is not permitted without permission. To obtain permission, contact ISI at hopi@soundinstitute.com

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